BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF POWDERY MILDEW OF PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L)

Abstract

Pea (Pisum sativum) is leguminous crop generally cultivated around globe. Pisum sativum is main pulse crop belonged to the family Leguminoceae rich in nutritional value. In Pakistan Pea crop is cultivated on large area mostly in Punjab and in other provinces. The production of Pea in Pakistan is not so good due to the attack of fungal diseases like Powdery mildew, Anthracnose, Rust and Downy mildew. The Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe pisi which is bio trophic obligate parasite. Different environmental factors play significant role in occurrence of that disease. When plants are on pod stages it shows epidemic form. It effects whole green surface of pea initially symptoms are lesion formation and powder like whitish spots on upper and lower surface of leaves. When the pathogen proliferates in all aerial parts; plant became dead. Infected plant seed produced unpleasant smell which decreases the quality of peas. The intensity of the disease was reduced by increase resistance in host plant by some plant extracts ie. Neem Extract, Garlic Extract. Pathogenicity of Erysiphe pisi was supressed by the application of some bio agents ie. Trichoderma harzianum and Beauveria bassiana. These applications were served as enviro-safe management and helps to reduce disease severity and increase in numbers and weight of pod/plant which were helping to increase in a yield. From these all treatment most, effective treatment was Garlic Extract which overcome the effect of disease 77% and then Neem Extract 64%. There was also effective result of Trichoderma harzianum and Beauveria bassiana overcome the effect of powdery mildew of pea disease was 51% and 38%. The data onto environmental condition was collected which shows with increase in temperature helps to increase the intensity of disease. Decrease in humidity and solar radiation also helps to increase the disease incidence level. Decrease in wind speed and rain fall also increase the disease intensity.